Investment Banking Essay

1. Why were proponents of deregulation so successful in the late 1990s? How much can we blame deregulation for the meltdown in the investment banking industry, and how could the government have foreseen and/or stopped the domino effect before the crisis of 2008?s The gov could have decided to not back up what they were not regulating. They are partly to blame for the crisis because who knows if the banks would have issued the loans they issued and taken on huge amounts of risk if they didn’t have the guarantee of the banks behind them. 2. Could any one of the investment banks have remained competitive without following the industry trend of taking on increasing amounts of leverage to boost returns on investment? If so, how? It is not likely that an investment bank could have made the huge profits other banks were making with that leverage to boost returns. They could have possibly taken on less risk and been more profitable in the long run, but not likely that they could have kept up short term. 3. Why was Lehman Brothers allowed to collapse while Bear Stearns was not? The investment bank of Lehman Brothers played a different part in the market than Bear Stearns. The government didn’t want this bankruptcy spreading and so they were able to convince JP Morgan to buy out Bear Stearns while they let Lehman Brothers collapse and pick up the pieces. 4. Did the compensation structure of the investment banking industry encourage banking executives and employees to take on excessive risk to boost short-term profits? Why or why not? Banks were encouraged to take on huge amounts of risk because of the very high return. For a while, there were no consequences for defaults because risk was being transferred but they got to keep the money made off the loans and bonds issued. 5. How much of the industry-wide crisis stemmed from the investment banks’ financials and the current economic climate as opposed to investor panic and speculation? The investment banks are mostly to blame because their conditions caused investor panic and speculation. Banks should have anticipated their uninformed investors rash behavior because that is very hard to control. 6. Both Bear and Lehman bailed out their proprietary hedge funds. Did they have any other option? What would have happened had they not done so? Investors and employers had a lot of skin in the game in the hedge fund market so they had a lot of pressure to bail out these funds. If they had  chosen not to bail them out then their reputations would have gone downhill eventually leading to their investors distrust of the firm. 7. Could Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs have survived without becoming bank holding companies? What were the benefits and disadvantages of becoming bank holding companies? What does designation as bank holding companies mean for the way Morgan and Goldman operate going forward? By becoming bank holding companies the power was put into very few hands. Becoming a bank holding company increases diversity so that you do not only play in one market. This lessons risk but perhaps also decreases high returns that can be made if you focus on the investment banking business. Perhaps they could have survived if they had been able to come up with a balance of risk to take. Morgan and Goldman needed to expand from solely investment banking and perform commercial banking operations as well.

Irish

Irish BY nckyb23 Irish Influencing America Ways The Irish traditions influence many things in American that we Americans really barely even realize The annual celebration of Saint Patrick's Day is a generally known as a sign of the Irish existence in America. One of the largest celebrations of the Irish holiday takes place in New York, where the annual St. Patrick's Day Parade draws anywhere to two million people. The second-largest celebration is held in Boston at the South Boston Parade. It's one the nation's oldest dating back to 1737. On day like St.Patrick's Day Irish music is played everywhere the same Irish song that date back o the 1700s Irish traditional music in the United States has its own history, both in recording culture and by live performances. Emigrants from Ireland brought their instruments and traditions to the United States since the earliest days of European colonization of the New World. The learning and playing of Irish music by first and second generation Iri sh-Americans helped the spread of Irish music. And then yet another is the widespread interest in the music.In the 1890s, Irish music entered a â€Å"golden age† centered on the lively scene in New York City. Though the golden age nded by the Great Depression, the 1950s saw a highpoint of Irish music, added by the foundation of the City Center Ballroom in New York where Irish gatherings are held. In the Depression and World War, Irish traditional music in New York was belittled by showband culture. Performers like Jack Coen, Paddy O'Brien, Larry Redican, and Paddy Reynolds kept the tradition alive in the United States, and were teachers of the music to Irish Americans.Many of the great Irish American performers like Andy McGann, Brian Conway, Joannie Madden, Jerry O'Sullivan, Liz Carroll and Billy McComiskey would achieve many accomplishments in the traditional usic usually associated with native Irish. Later Irish emigration to New York and beyond by James Keane, Mick Molone y, Paddy Keenan, and others through the 1960s, 1970s and 80s, ensured the music performed in America stayed The Irish music was such a big influence that it had people making collections like Francis O'Neill.He was a Chicago police chief who collected the single largest collection of Irish traditional music ever published. He was a flautist and piper who was part of a vibrant Irish community in Chicago at the time, one that included some forty thousand people, ncluding musicians from â€Å"all thirty-two counties of Ireland†, according to Nicholas Carolan, who referred to O'Neill as â€Å"the greatest individual influence on the evolution of Irish traditional dance music in the twentieth century† connected to Ireland.The Irish population didn't only Just influence Americans to like there music they also had their influence in other positions in society. The Boston Celtics is a prime example of this. Many Irish immigrants came to Boston, New York, and Philadelphia ports on ships from Ireland. By the time the Boston Celtics basketball team started, Boston had a large Irish ethnic population. Celtic is another name for Irish, and these names are used often. Today Boston has the largest Irish population of any American city.The person who chose the name had an Irish friend named McHugh and decided to name the team Celtics. The Irish are known for green, and the Celtics uniforms are green. You can't say Irish in American without pub behind it A pub is very important to the Irish people. It's where they could sit back, relax, enjoy a few good stories, and share a goodtime with others. American-Irish people have made Pubs very popular simply for the aspect of the alcohol and traditional sing alongs. The two aspects have attracted more than Just Irish people.Folks of all ethnicities go to Irish pubs for a drink and have a good time. As you can see Irish Americans have been in America changing culture for many years and for those many year contributed to U. S. culture in a wide variety of fields: I only explained a few that really interest myself the most but they have influenced many other Aspects of Untied States culture like the fine and performing arts, film, literature, politics, and religion. Irish people have done a great deal of influencing American culture.

Final reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final reflection - Essay Example A well-established democratic society requires citizens, who should be active and well aware of their roles and responsibilities for betterment of their society as well as for maintaining their own living standard in the society. In this paper, we shall discuss roles and responsibilities of good citizens living in a democratic society. Discussion Typical definition of a good citizen states that a good citizen needs to represent values, moral and models of responsible attitude and democratic values solely for the growth and improvement of society. To do perform the assigned roles and responsibilities of a good citizen, people are required to gain knowledge concerning social, political, economical and legal and other institutional roles and issues. Up to date knowledge and a good understanding of all rights and roles of social institutions can help a citizen to understand his own responsibilities and actions he/she can take to improve societal condition. Additionally, knowledge or unde rstanding of a good citizen should not be confined to roles and issues raised by societal institutions, but he should be aware of all current happenings that take place in the society and ultimately result in good or bad for the people. Carroll has discussed in his work that responsibilities of a good citizen should be identified as corporate social responsibilities (CSR). These responsibilities involve economic, legal, ethical and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time (Sison, 2008). The core understanding of corporate social responsibilities implies that institutions that are involved in the process of socialization should have moral, philanthropic, and ethical responsibilities. However, from the broader spectrum Carroll as emphasized on the fact that corporate social responsibilities should not be solely viewed in a traditional way. But, citizens should be provided with an opportunity, where they can enjoy a number of constituencies such as from employees, local state or community, environmental groups, suppliers, clients and other special interest parties (Sison, 2008). According to Loeb, responsibilities of a citizen in a democratic society have been defined for the making society more lively, safe and potential place for the people to live in. Author has strongly focused on the role of citizens to bring positive social change in the country, every time when a society suffers any critical social, political or economical issue. Additionally, apart from understanding the roles and responsibilities, a citizen needs to have such feelings and enthusiasm for the society that led him/her to participate actively in all activities and social works that aim to improve living conditions in a democratic community (Loeb, 2011). Also, Loeb highlights that it is not only important to work in a group or with any organization for the betterment of social issues, but it should be noted that each and every effort is worthy and individual efforts of citizens can also contribute to make a considerable difference in a democratic society. It is because, in democratic system all citizens are all equal and they have freedom of speech or thoughts that can even bring a revolution on a national level. Liu has mentioned five core responsibilities

You as a leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

You as a leader - Assignment Example I would subsequently identify possible alternatives and assess the choices based on their consequences. I had to establish the best alternative before putting it into action. According to Mathena (2002), a leader needs to examine the situation by analyzing various perceptions. Subsequently, formulating alternatives and choosing the best is equally an appropriate measure. I remember my classmates and I failed to grasp certain concepts learned in class. I identified the problem to be solved that included complicated concepts like compassionate practice. With the assistance of other group members, we came up with possible alternatives like providing simplified learning materials and starting group discussions. I established that it was necessary to perform group discussions. The discussions were viable platform that could be used to better understand the concept. Some of the leadership strengths I demonstrated include being student focused, results oriented, strategic, good at handling conflicts, and making high-quality decisions. However, I still have to improve in my communication skills since it is an essential leadership

What causes inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What causes inflation - Essay Example It will also look at some of the ways that an individual is able to calculate the inflation rate in an economy. However, the paper will not only focus on the negative side of matters and in conclusion it will also determine what solutions have been brought about on how the economy can avoid such a situation. Introduction Inflation can be described as the increase in the price level of various services and goods within an economy that takes place over a period of time. It should be noted that this increase happens in all sectors of the market meaning that almost goods and services suffer as a result and those in the economy end with a rising expenditure for the same things that they used to buy before (Taylor 89). It may not be very noticeable at first as it is a gradual process and prices do not sky rocket on the first day meaning that many individuals are usually caught off their guard by the situation leading to a financial panic as they realize just what exactly is going on. As a result of inflation, money also loses a fair amount of purchasing power meaning that an individual is able to buy less with a certain amount that before was adequate for his expenditure needs (Svensson 148). Loss of purchasing power of a currency is not good for the economy as this serves to lower the value of a currency as a whole in the end. It is due to this fact that individuals and institutions struggle against any signs of inflation in a bid to avoid from taking place and stopping it in its tracks as early as possible, the sooner the better (Taylor 101). Though inflation is viewed mostly as a negative impact on the economy, it should be noted that there are both positive and negative effects that are associated with this occurrence. Measures of Inflation One is able to identify the onset of inflation in an economy by measuring the inflation rate of that economy. Though there are a number of other ways in which measuring can be done, this is the main method that is used by econ omists on a global scale. Measuring the inflation rate is done by taking note of the yearly change in percentage terms of a price index over a period of time (Abel & Bernanke 93). The price index that is mostly used for these purposes is the consumer index though other can be used as well. The consumer price index is determined by measuring the prices of a selection of various goods and services that are usually bought by the average consumer and include items that may be needed on a daily basis such as foodstuffs and other supplies (Baumol & Blinder 25). High end items are not included in this collection of goods and services as they are first o f all not bought by the typical consumer and second of all not purchased on a regular basis thus they would reflect dishonestly on the final figure that is obtained in the end. Apart from the consumer price index, other indices that are also used to obtain the level of inflation in an economy also include the producer price index. This inde x concentrates on the producers rather than the consumers and determines the amount of money that domestic producers receive for their products over time determining the changes calculated in percentage in the process (Abel & Bernanke 98). The difference between this and the Consumer Price Index is mainly due to issues such as taxes and the intention of profit that will make the

Representing the Profession in the Community Assignment

Representing the Profession in the Community - Assignment Example One may visit a doctor but never have sufficient time off the busy doctor’s schedule to get some crucial information. It is here that these nurses come in to save the day by offering information at no charge. These patients tend to want more time in explanation as some of their understanding may reduce and requires a lot of explaining. In this role, they act as teachers who nurse stress-preventive care to encourage patients to pursue healthier lifestyles. The real impact in this comes where the life expectancy goes higher (Salkind, 2006). Families will have each other longer in their lives with their loved ones. Nurses have the role of ensuring what the government promised is actualized, health care for all. It is their ethical accountability to make sure that everyone is taken care of where remunerations may available (Delehanty & Ginzler, 2006). Therefore, support of the introduction of a legislative agenda that would ease this situation would create more jobs. The agenda could probably see a certain nurse assigned to several patients above the age of 50. They would probably be located in a certain health facility and could visit their patients in their homes and only bring them to the health facility only when utterly important. This would assist in quick patient record retrieval given that the nursing individual would be privy to all the ailments encountered under their service. The legislative agenda would be required to see through more funding to reduce the involved constraints. This could also eventually be replicated to the entire family. Continuity in care would be easy to impleme nt. Under the role of improving healthcare in America, the nursing culture not only address the psychological needs but also the physical needs, spiritual needs where necessary are also bestowed on these nurses to offer hope, it’s a role in its making. They are included in the larger context which is important

Benefits And Costs Of Using Common Currency In Greece, Germany And Research Paper

Benefits And Costs Of Using Common Currency In Greece, Germany And Eurozone - Research Paper Example 14). As a result of reduced transaction costs, Eurozone nations expected a thirty billion dollar annual savings (The Euro, the European Central Bank, p. 154). Directly as result of eliminating exchange of currencies, the exchange rate volatility was also removed. These exchange rate fluctuations make the trade between countries more risky; because if one currency devalues in relation to other, the marketer of the depreciated currency will be affected by getting less than what his product is worth. Or conversely the buyer of depreciated currency may require paying more than what he originally contracted for (Eudey, pp. 14-15). Exchange rate rish is thus another form of transaction cost which was avoided. Another major benefit of Euro as the common currency was the avoidance of speculation. Before the introduction of Euro, speculation used to greatly occur throughout the Europe. Whenever a currency was thought to be devalued in near future, people used to sell all their holdings in tha t currency. The only solution to the problem of speculation was keeping the interest rates as high as possible to keep the people interest in the currency. These high interest rates were bad for the economy and hindered economic progress in Europe during 90s (Eudey, pp. 15, 16). Adoption of Euro as a common currency thus removed speculation and economies of the member countries could develop and flourish easily without the disadvantages of higher interest rates. Euro also does away with the problem of competitive devaluation of currency among the member nations. Before the era of Euro, European nations used to devalue their currency to increase the exports. Inflation was a direct result of this devalution (Eudey, p. 15). The adoption of common currency did in fact come with many costs as well. The first and the foremost disadvantage of adopting common currency by the Eurozone countries was that by accepting Euro as national currency they surrendered their right to adopt and change t heir monetary and economic policies to suit their domestic conditions (The Euro: Expect, pp. 123). There was another big cost of not being able to adjust the exchange rates between trading countries to eliminate the economic falloffs of individual countries. Even after the adoption of common currency and a unit monetary policy throughout the Eurozone and its many benefits, there is no surety that some member country may not go in recession; and this was the main concern for all the countries. If at any time one country goes into recession, it cannot alter the individual monetary policy and as a result the only option left is to wait, because a change in the monetary policy of all the nations would adversely affect more countries than benefit the country in recession (The Euro, the European Central Bank, pp. 157). Despite of this, the idea of creating a common currency was that by tying many European nations through a common currency, the business cycle of all countries will soon be closely linked to each other and very soon would there be no possibility of recession in one country while stability in other (The Euro: Expectations and Performance, p. 123). However, changes in individual Fiscal policies was allowed. Benefits and Costs of common currency in Greece Recently there has been a debt crisis in Greece and other Eurozone countries which has jeopardized the likelihood of continuing with the Euro. Especially Greece is highly considering to quit the Euro and reverting back to its national currency Drachma. The debt crisis is raising a lot of questions and discussions about the potential advantages and